Periodontitis, also known as gum disease, is a preventable infection that can lead to tooth damage and loss. It starts with the buildup of plaque and tartar caused by oral bacteria. Indications of gum disease include bleeding, receding, and swollen gums, as well as tooth loss. Fortunately, gum disease can be treated and detected by a dentist, even in its early stages. If left untreated, it can result in serious health issues like the risk of stroke and heart attack.

Gum disease can be categorized into three stages with varying levels of severity: gingivitis, periodontitis, and advanced periodontitis. During the gingivitis stage, inflammation causes the pockets formed by the gums around the teeth to enlarge. The dentist can measure the space between the teeth and gums to assess the extent of damage. If this space measures more than three millimeters, it indicates a potential for further complications.

As gingivitis progresses to periodontitis, prolonged exposure to plaque and tartar increases the space between the gums and teeth. At this stage, bone loss begins and the gums easily bleed.

In the final stage, advanced periodontitis, significant bone loss may occur. The gap between the teeth and gums allows bacteria to reach the socket and roots of the  teeth. This bacterial presence weakens the tooth’s attachment to the bone, making immediate treatment crucial to prevent tooth loss.